Characteristics of Polynomial Functions

Analyze degree, leading coefficient, and end behavior. Math 30-1 Alberta.

Lesson 2.1 of Polynomial Functions in Math 30-1 — Alberta curriculum lessons.

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What Are Polynomials?

Definition. A polynomial is an expression consisting of one or more algebraic terms with coefficients, constants, and variables raised to whole-number exponents.

The Anatomy of a Polynomial

Every polynomial is made up of terms. Each term consists of:

Coefficient: The number multiplying the variable (e.g., in 3x^2, the coefficient is 3). Variable: The letter representing an unknown value (commonly x, y, or other letters). Exponent: The power to which the variable is raised (must be a whole number: 0, 1, 2, 3, ...). Constant: A term without a variable (just a number).

Example Polynomial. 5x^3 - 2x^2 + 7x - 4

Breaking It Down.

What Makes a Polynomial?

For an expression to be a polynomial, it must follow these rules:

Key Rules.

Examples of polynomials vs. non-polynomials:

✓ These ARE Polynomials.

✗ These are NOT Polynomials.

The Degree of a Polynomial

Definition: Degree. The degree of a polynomial is the value of the greatest (highest) exponent of the variable.

Finding the Degree. Look for the term with the highest exponent:

Types of Polynomials by Number of Terms

Polynomials are also classified by how many terms they contain:

Monomial — 1 term.

Binomial — 2 terms.

Trinomial — 3 terms.

💡 Pro Tip. When working with polynomials, always identify the degree first. It gives you immediate insight into the polynomial's behavior and complexity!

Understanding Polynomial Degrees

Key Insight. The degree of a polynomial determines its fundamental shape and behavior. Let's explore each degree in detail, from simple to complex.

Degree 1: Linear Polynomials

General Form. y = ax + b where a ≠ 0

Simplest Example. y = x (Linear Monomial)

Degree 2: Quadratic Polynomials

General Form. y = ax^2 + bx + c where a ≠ 0

Simplest Example. y = x^2 (Quadratic Monomial)

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