Products & Quotients of Functions

Multiply and divide functions and analyze domains. Math 30-1 Alberta.

Lesson 1.4 of Function Transformations & Operations in Math 30-1 — Alberta curriculum lessons.

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What is the Product of Functions?

The Big Idea. Just like we can add and subtract functions, we can also multiply them!

Product of Functions. A combined function of the form h(x) = f(x) · g(x) represents the product of two component functions, f(x) and g(x).

Product of Functions

(f · g)(x) = f(x) · g(x)

Domain Rules for Products

Important Domain Rule. Before we work with products, we need to understand how their domains work.

For Products (f · g)(x):

The domain includes all x-values where both f(x) and g(x) are defined. If either function is undefined at some x-value, the product is also undefined there.

Key Point: The domain of (f · g) is the intersection of the domains of f and g.

What Happens When You Multiply Functions?

Multiplying functions multiplies their outputs at each x-value.

If f(x) is large and g(x) is large, then the product becomes very large. If either function equals zero at some x-value, the product equals zero at that x-value. Key Insight: Zeros of either function become zeros of the product. This is important for understanding polynomial behavior later!

Worked example: Multiplying Polynomial Functions

Problem. Given: f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = x - 4

Find: (f · g)(x)

Step 1: Write the definition

(f · g)(x) = f(x) · g(x)

Step 2: Substitute

(f · g)(x) = (2x + 1)(x - 4)

Step 3: Expand using FOIL

(f · g)(x) = (2x + 1)(x - 4)

FOIL Method. First terms: 2x · x = 2x^2

Outer terms: 2x · (-4) = -8x

Inner terms: 1 · x = x

Last terms: 1 · (-4) = -4

Add all terms together:

(f · g)(x) = 2x^2 - 8x + x - 4

Step 4: Combine like terms

(f · g)(x) = 2x^2 - 7x - 4

Domain. Since both f(x) and g(x) are polynomials, they are defined for all real numbers.

Domain: \x R\ or (-∞, ∞)

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